Exposure Maps: A Citizen-Powered Tool to Understand RF-EMF Exposure
One of the core objectives of the ETAIN project is to evaluate the impact of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on human health and the environment while exploring ways to reduce exposure. To achieve this, the project has developed 5G Scientist, an innovative mobile application that allows users to measure their real-time exposure to 5G and WiFi radiation while providing personalized recommendations on how to reduce it.
But 5G Scientist goes beyond individual awareness—it is also a collective scientific tool. By using the app, users contribute to the development of Europe’s first large-scale Exposure Map, a digital representation of RF-EMF exposure across different locations. This map will help identify good and bad connection spots in cities, providing valuable insights for both individuals and policymakers.
How Does It Work?
Every smartphone, simply by being switched on and connected to the internet, collects a vast amount of data through its built-in sensors. When users install 5G Scientist and grant permissions, the app securely collects this data and transmits it to the University of Utrecht’s database for analysis.
The key parameters used for mapping include:
GPS location – To understand where the measurements are taken
Signal strength indicators – Covering 4G, 3G, 2G, and, of course, 5G
WiFi and Bluetooth information – To assess additional sources of RF-EMF
Network provider details – To ensure representation across different operators
Altitude and environmental conditions – To refine exposure estimations
In total, the app collects 315 different variables, making it one of the most comprehensive RF-EMF mapping tools available.
Turning Data Into Actionable Exposure Maps
The Exposure Map consists of 25 by 25 meter squares in a grid, where exposure levels are calculated by aggregating data from active users in each square where exposure levels are calculated by aggregating data from active users in each area. Since signal strength alone does not directly indicate RF-EMF exposure, calibration formulas are applied to convert these values into meaningful exposure estimates. These formulas have been carefully developed within the ETAIN project and account for variations between different networks and countries.
For now, the first version of the map will focus on 4G, as it remains the most widely used and reliable network. The integration of 5G data will follow as more users contribute measurements.
Because the app relies on voluntary data collection, some areas may initially have insufficient information. To address this, the project will:
Use estimation models to predict exposure in underrepresented areas
Conduct field exercises to validate and refine estimations
Encourage users to visit specific locations where more data is needed
To ensure accuracy, each 25m grid cell requires around 30 measurements per network provider before it is considered a reliable data point.
What Will the Map Look Like?
The interactive exposure map in the app will resemble a Google Maps-style interface, where users can:
Check environmental exposure levels in their immediate area, their city and other locations across Europe
Identify high- and low-exposure areas
Receive notifications about data gaps and contribute by measuring new locations
Although the map will be updated regularly, it won’t display live exposure data due to the complexity of real-time processing. Instead, weekly updates will ensure users always have access to the latest information.
Why Does This Matter?
Understanding RF-EMF exposure is crucial as we continue to integrate wireless technologies into daily life. The 5G Scientist app and its Exposure Maps empower individuals with knowledge about their surroundings while enabling data-driven policymaking for safer and more sustainable connectivity.
By participating, users not only gain insights into their own exposure levels but also contribute to a European-wide effort to improve transparency and public awareness on RF-EMF exposure.
Download 5G Scientist and start mapping your city today!
